Hacker vs. Cracker

What Is the Difference Between a Hacker and a Cracker?

•  Many articles have been written about the difference between Hackers and crackers, which attempt to correctpublic misconceptions about hacking.
•  For many years, media has applied the word Hacker  when it really mean Cracker. So the public now believe that a Hacker is someone who breaks into computer systems and steal confidential data. This is very untrue and is an insult to some of our most talented Hackers.

There are various points to determine the difference between Hackers and crackers


Definition - A Hacker is a person who is interested in the working of any computer Operating  system. Most often,Hackers are programmers. Hackers obtain advanced knowledge of operating systems and programming languages. They may know various security holes within systems and the reasons for such holes. Hackers constantly seek further knowledge, share what they have discovered, and they never have intentions about damaging or stealing data.


 Definition - A Cracker is a person who breaks into other people systems, with malicious intentions. Crackers gain unauthorized access, destroy important data, stop services provided by the server, or basically cause problems for their targets. Crackers can easily be identified because their actions are malicious.

•  Whatever the case, most people give Hacker a negative outline. Many malicious Hackers are electronic thieves.

•  Just like anyone can become a thief, or a robber, anyone can become a Hacker, regardless of age, gender, or religion. 

• Technical skills of Hackers vary from one to another. Some Hackers barely know how to surf the Internet,whereas others write software that other Hackers depend upon.

1. Concept of Ethical Hacking

Hacking

•  The Art of exploring various security breaches is termed as Hacking.
• Computer Hackers have been around for so many years. Since the Internet became widely used in the World, We have started to hear more and more about hacking. Only a few Hackers, such as Kevin Mitnick, are well known.

 In a world of Black and White, it’s easy to describe the typical Hacker. A general outline of a typical Hacker is an
Antisocial, Pimple-faced Teenage boy. But the Digital world has many types of Hackers.

 Hackers are human like the rest of us and are, therefore, unique individuals, so an exact profile is hard to outline.

The best broad description of Hackers is that all Hackers aren’t equal. Each Hacker has Motives, Methods andSkills. But some general characteristics can help you understand them. Not all Hackers are Antisocial, Pimplefaced
Teenagers. Regardless, Hackers are curious about Knowing new things, Brave to take steps and they are often very Sharp Minded.

Hacker

     Hacker is a word that has two meanings:

• Traditionally, a Hacker is someone who likes to play with Software or Electronic Systems. Hackers enjoy Exploringand Learning how Computer systems operate. They love discovering new ways to work electronically.

•  Recently, Hacker has taken on a new meaning — someone who maliciously breaks into systems for personal gain. Technically, these criminals are Crackers as Criminal Hackers. Crackers break into systems with malicious intentions.

•  They do it for Personal gain, Fame, Profit and even Revenge. They Modify, Delete and Steal critical information,often making other people's life miserable.

•  Hacking has a lot of meanings depending upon the person’s knowledge and his work intentions. Hacking is an Art as well as a Skill. Hacking is the knowledge by which one gets to achieve his Goals, any how, using his Skills and Power.

•  Most people associate Hacking with breaking law, therefore calling all those guys who engage in hacking activitiesto be criminals. We agree that there are people out there who use hacking techniques to break the law, but hacking is not really about that. In fact, hacking is more about following the law and performing the steps withinthe limits.

/*TO CALCULATE THE LENGTH OF THE STRING*/

INPUT

#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
char str[40];
int i;
printf("\nEnter the string to calculate its string");
gets(str);
for(i=0;str[i]!='\0';i++)
i=i+1;
printf("\nThe length of entered string is: %d",i);
getch();
return 0;
}

OUTPUT

Please give your comment , so I could improve this blog.

/*TO FIND THE SUM OF ENTERED NUMBER USING FUNCTIONS*/


OUTPUT

INPUT

#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void sumof()
{
int num,temp,r,sum=0;
printf("Enter a number");
scanf("%d",&num);
temp=num;
while(temp>0)
{
r=temp%10;
sum=sum+r;
temp=temp/10;
}
printf("The sum of entered number is %d",sum);
}
void main()
{
sumof();
}

To sort of array using pointer

#include<conio.h>

#include<stdio.h>

    int main (void)

{

                      clrscr();

                     int item[100];

                     int a,b,t;

                     int count;

                    printf("\nHow many number ?");

                    scanf("%d",&count);

                   for(a=0;a<count;a++)

                      scanf("%d",&item[a]);

                  for(a=1;a<count;++a)

                     for(b=count;b>=a;--b)

                       {

                                if(item[b-1]>item[b])

                               {

                                    t=item[b-1];

                                   t=item[b-1]=item[b];

                                   item[b]=t;

                                    }

                         }

                      for(t=0;t<count;t++)

                     return 0;     

}

OUTPUT

An Introduction Of POINTER In C

POINTER NOTATION :-

•   Consider the declaration 

              int i =3;

• This declaration tell c compiler to :-

1. Reserve space in memory to hold the integer value.
2. Associate the name i with this memory location .
3. State the value 3 at this location .

                                  i----------------->location name

                        -------------------->value at location 

                            65524--------------------------------->location number
 void main()
 {

   int i=3;
  printf("\n Address of i=%u",&i);
  printf("\n value of i=%d",i);
  print("\n value of i=%d",*(&i));

 }

    OUTPUT :-
   Address of i=65524
   value of i=3
   value of i=3

• The '&' used in theis statement is c's address of operators.The expression '&i ' retures the address of variable i,which in this case happens to be 65524.
• The other pointer available in C is '*, called value at address operator.its gives the value stored at a particlar address .The 'value at address' operator is also called 'Indirectional operator' .

What is Computer Software ?

•Set of computer programs, procedures and associated documents(flowcharts , manuals) describing the program and how they can be used.

•Software package is a group of programs that solve a specific problem or perform a specific task.  Example a word processing package contains programs for text editing, text formatting, drawing graphics, spelling check. Etc 

Types of software

•System software

•Set of one or more programs which controls the operation and/or extends the processing capability of a computer system.

Its functions are:

•Supports development of other application software

•Supports execution of other application software

•Monitors effective use of various hardware resources like CPU, Memory, peripherals etc

•Communicate with and controls operation of printer, disk, tape etc (peripheral devices)

•The programs included in a system software package are called system software and programmers who prepare them are called system programmers.


Examples of System software

•Operating systems: It takes care of effective utilization of all the hardware and software components of the computer system. Examples of OS are Mac, Windows NT , Ms DOS , MS windows, Linux/Unix.

•Programming language translators: are system software that performs the instructions prepared by programmers using convenient programming language into a form that can be interpreted and executed by a computer system.

•Utility programs(utilities): are a set of programs that help users in maintenance tasks and in performing tasks of routine nature. Some tasks are Formatting hard disks , searching a particular file from a directory of hundreds of files.